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U. S.  G.  S.  A.— G.  I. — Form  No.  142        Issued  March,  1924 

U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture 
Bureau  of  Agricultural  Economics 


HANDBOOK  OF 
UNITED  STATES  GRADES 
FOR  GRAIN  SORGHUMS 


(Tabulated  and  abridged) 


Recommended  by 
U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

BUREAU  OF  AGRICULTURAL  ECONOMICS 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1924  *>0«fl 


U.S.  DEPOSITORY 


CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Grain  sorghums   1 

Basis  of  determinations   1 

Percentages   2 

Percentage  of  moisture   2 

Test  weight  per  bushel   2 

Other  grains   2 

Nongrain  sorghums   2 

Foreign  material  and  cracked 

kernels   3 

Sand,  dirt,  and  finely  broken 

kernels   3 

Damaged  kernels   3 

Heat  damaged  kernels   3 

Classes  and  subclasses   4 

Weevily  grain  sorghums   7 

Smutty  grain  sorghums   7 

Grade  requirements   8 


UNITED  STATES  GRADES  FOR 
GRAIN  SORGHUMS.1 


For  the  purpose  of  the  United  States 
grades  for  grain  sorghums: 

Grain  sorghums, — Grain  sorghums 
shall  be  any  grain  which  consists  of 
kafir,  milo,  durra,  feterita,  darso,  freed 
sorgo,  kaoliang,  schrock  kafir,  and 
shallu,  and  any  hybrids  between 
these  classes,  and  not  more  than  35  per 
cent  of  nongrain  sorghums,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  "foreign  material  and  crack- 
ed kernels/'  as  defined  in  these 
standards,  either  singly  or  in  any  com- 
bination. 

Basis  of  determinations. — Each  de- 
termination of  general  appearance, 
temperature,  odor,  smut,  moisture, 
test  weight  per  bushel,  "  foreign  ma- 
terial and  cracked  kernels,"  "sand, 
dirt,  and  finely  broken  kernels/ '  and 
insects  injurious  to  stored  grain  shall 
be  upon  the  basis  of  the  lot  of  grain  as 
a  whole,  and  all  other  determinations 
shall  be  on  the  basis  of  the  grain  when 
free  from  foreign  material  and  cracked 
kernels. 

1  These  grades  embody  the  recommendations  of 
the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  but  are  not 
fixed  and  established  at  this  time  under  the  United 
States  grain  standards  act. 

86643°— 24  1 


2 


GRAIX  SORGHUMS. 


Percentages. — Percentages,  except 
in  the  case  of  moisture,  shall  be  per- 
centages ascertained  by  weight. 

Percentage  of  moisture. — Percentage 
of  moisture  in  grain  sorghums  shall  be 
that  ascertained  by  the  moisture  tester 
and  the  method  of  use  thereof  for  kafir, 
as  described  in  Circular  72,  and  supple- 
ment thereto,  issued  by  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  or  ascer- 
tained by  any  device  and  method 
giving  equivalent  results. 

Test  weight  per  bushel. — The  test 
weight  per  bushel  shall  be  the  test 
weight  per  Winchester  bushel,  as  deter- 
mined by  the  testing  apparatus  and  the 
method  of  use  thereof  as  described  in 
Bulletin  472,  dated  October  30,  1916, 
issued  by  the  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture,  or  as  determined  by 
any  device  and  method  giving  equiva- 
lent results. 

Other  grains. — Other  grains  shall 
include  wheat,  nongrain  sorghums, 
corn,  oats,  barley,  rye,  emmer,  spelt, 
einkorn,  rice,  cultivated  buckwheat, 
and  flaxseed  only. 

Nongrain  sorghums. — Nongrain  sor- 
ghums shall  include  the  grain  of  sorgo 
(commonly  called  "cane  seed"), 
broomcorn,  Sudan  grass,  and  Johnson 
grass,  and  hybrids  between  any  com- 


GRAIN  SORGHUMS. 


3 


bination  of  the  groups  of  the  nongrain 
sorghums. 

Foreign  material  and  cracked  ker- 
nels.— Foreign  material  and  cracked 
kernels  shall  be  grains  and  pieces  of 
grains  of  grain  sorghums,  and  all  mat- 
ter other  than  grain  sorghums  which 
will  pass  through  a  No.  8  sieve,  and  all 
foreign  material,  except  other  grains, 
remaining  on  such  sieve  after  screening. 

Sand,  dirt,  and  finely  broken  ker- 
nels.— Sand,  dirt,  and  finely  broken 
kernels  shall  be  finely  broken  kernels, 
sand,  and  all  other  material  which  will 
pass  through  a  No.  2\  sieve  and  all 
inert  matter  remaining  on  either  the 
No.  2 1  or  No.  8  sieve  after  screening. 

(a)  No.  2\  sieve. — A  metal  sieve 
perforated  with  round  holes  2  J  sixty- 
fourths  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 

(b)  No.  8  sieve. — A  metal  sieve  per- 
porated  with  triangular  perforations  8 
sixty-fourths  of  an  inch  long  on  each 
side  of  perforation. 

Damaged  kernels. — Damaged  ker- 
nels shall  be  all  grains  and  pieces  of 
grains  of  grain  sorghums  which  are 
neat-damaged,  sprouted,  frosted,  badly 
ground-damaged,  moldy,  or  otherwise 
distinctly  damaged. 

Heat-damaged  kernels. — Heat-dam- 
aged kernels  shall  be  grains  and  pieces 


4  GRAIN  SORGHUMS. 


of  grains  of  grain  sorghums  or  other 
grains  which  have  been  distinctly  dis- 
colored or  damaged  by  external  heat 
or  as  a  result  of  heating  caused  by 
fermentation. 

CLASSES   AND    SUBCLASSES  OF 
GRAIN  SORGHUMS. 

Grain  sorghums  shall  be  divided  into 
classes  and  subclasses  as  follows: 

Class  I.  Kafir. — This  class  shall  in- 
clude all  varieties  of  kafir  and  hegari, 
except  schrock  kafir,  and  may  include 
not  more  than  10  per  cent  of  other 
grain  sorghums.  This  class  shall  be 
divided  into  two  subclasses,  as  follows: 

"White  kafir. — This  subclass  shall 
include  all  kafir  and  hegari,  except 
schrock  kafir,  consisting  of  90  per  cent 
or  more  of  white  kernels,  including 
other  classes  and  nongrain  sorghums. 
Red  spots  or  other  natural  coloring 
upon  kernels  otherwise  white  shall  not 
affect  their  classification  as  white  kafir. 

Kafir. — This  subclass  shall  include- 
all  kafir  and  hegari,  except  schrock 
kafir,  not  coming  within  the  classifica- 
tion for  white  kafir. 

Class  II.  Milo. — This  class  shall  in- 
clude all  varieties  of  milo,  and  may 
include  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of 
other  grain  sorghums.    This  class  shall 


GRAIN  SORGHUMS.  5 


be  divided  into  two  subclasses,  as 
follows: 

Yellow  milo. — This  subclass  shall  in- 
clude all  milo  consisting  of  90  per  cent 
or  more  of  yellow  kernels,  including 
other  classes  and  nongrain  sorghums. 

Milo. — This  subclass  shall  include  all 
milo  not  coming  within  the  classifica- 
tion for  yellow  milo. 

Class  III.  Durra. — This  class  shall 
include  all  varieties  of  durra,  and  may 
include  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of 
other  grain  sorghums.  This  class  shall 
be  divided  into  two  subclasses,  as  fol- 
lows : 

White  durra. — This  subclass  shall 
include  all  durra  consisting  of  90  per 
cent  or  more  of  white  kernels,  including 
other  classes  and  nongrain  sorghums. 
Red  spots  or  natural  coloring  upon 
kernels  otherwise  white  shall  not  affect 
their  classification  as  white  durra. 

Durra. — This  subclass  shall  include 
all  durra  not  coming  within  the  classi- 
fication for  white  durra. 

Class  IV.  Feterita. — This  class  shall 
include  all  varieties  of  white  feterita, 
and  may  include  not  more  than  10  per 
cent  of  other  grain  sorghums.  Red 
spots  or  natural  coloring  upon  kernels 
otherwise  white  shall  not  affect  their 
classification  as  white  feterita. 


6  GRAIN  SORGHUMS. 


Class  V.  Darso. — This  class  shall 
include  all  varieties  of  darso,  and  may 
include  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of 
other  grain  sorghums. 

Class  VI.  Freed  Sorgo. — This  class 
shall  include  all  varieties  of  freed  sorgo, 
and  may  include  not  more  than  10  per 
cent  of  other  grain  sorghums. 

Class  VII.  Brown  Kaoliang. — This 
class  shall  include  all  varieties  of  brown 
kaoliang,  and  may  include  not  more 
than  10  per  cent  of  other  grain  sor- 
ghums. 

Class  VIII.  Schrock  Kafir.— This 
class  shall  include  all  varieties  of 
schrock  kafir,  and  may  include  not 
more  than  10  per  cent  of  other  grain 
sorghums. 

Class  IX.  Shallu. — This  class  shall 
include  all  varieties  of  shallu,  and  may 
include  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of 
other  grain  sorghums. 

Note. — Any  grain  sorghum  or  grain- 
sorghum  hybrid  not  mentioned  in 
classes  I  to  IX,  inclusive,  shall  be  in- 
cluded in  the  class  which  it  most  nearly 
resembles. 

Mixed  grain  sorghums. — Mixed  grain 
sorghums  shall  be  any  mixture  of  grain 
sorghums  not  provided  for  in  the  classes 
I  to  IX,  inclusive. 

Mixed  grain  sorghums  shall  be  graded 
according  to  each  of  the  grade  require- 


GRAIN  SORGHUMS. 


7 


ments  common  to  the  class  of  the  grain 
sorghums  which  predominates  over 
each  other  class  in  the  mixture.  The 
grade  designation  of  "Mixed  grain 
sorghums"  shall  include,  successively, 
the  number  of  the  grade  or  the  words 
"Sample  grade/'  the  word  "Mixed/' 
and,  in  the  order  of  its  predominance, 
the  name  and  approximate  percentage 
of  each  of  at  least  two  classes. 

Weevily  grain  sorghums. — Weevily 
grain  sorghums  shall  be  grain  sorghums 
which  are  infested  with  live  weevils  or 
other  insects  injurious  to  stored  grain. 

Weevily  grain  sorghums  shall  be 
graded  and  designated  according  to  the 
grade  requirements  of  the  grade  appli- 
cable to  such  grain  sorghums  if  they 
were  not  weevily,  and  there  shall  be 
added  to  and  made  a  part  of  the  grade 
designation  the  word  "weevily/' 

Smutty  grain  sorghums. — Smutty 
grain  sorghums  shall  be  all  grain  sor- 
ghums which  have  an  unmistakable 
odor  of  smut  or  which  contain  smut 
masses. 

Smutty  grain  sorghums  shall  be 
graded  and  designated  according  to 
the  grade  requirements  of  the  grade 
applicable  to  such  grain  sorghums  if 
they  were  not  smutty,  and  there  shall 
be  added  to  and  made  a  part  of  the 
grade  designation  the  word  "smutty." 


8 


GRAIN  SORGHUMS. 


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